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Frontiers in Endocrinology 2021Adenomatoid tumor (AT) is an uncommon benign neoplasm of mesothelial origin, usually occurring in the female and male genital tracts. Extragenital localization such as... (Review)
Review
Adenomatoid tumor (AT) is an uncommon benign neoplasm of mesothelial origin, usually occurring in the female and male genital tracts. Extragenital localization such as the adrenal gland is extremely rare. Until now, only 39 cases of adrenal AT have been reported in the English literature. Here we report two novel cases of adrenal AT that occurred in male patients aged 30 and 31 years. The tumors were discovered incidentally by computed tomography (CT). Macroscopically, the tumors were unilateral and solid, and the greatest dimension of the tumors was 3.5 and 8.0 cm, respectively. Histologically, the tumors consisted of angiomatoid, cystic, and solid patterns and infiltrated the adrenal cortical or medullary tissue. The tumor cells had low nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio, with no pathological mitosis or nuclear pleomorphism. Thread-like bridging strands and signet-ring-like cells could be seen. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for epithelial markers (AE1/AE3, CK7) and mesothelial markers (D2-40, calretinin, and WT-1). The Ki-67 index was approximately 1 and 2%, respectively. The differential diagnosis of adrenal AT includes a variety of benign and malignant tumors. The patients had neither local recurrence nor distant metastasis at 21 and 8 months after removal of the tumor. In the literature review, we comprehensively summarized the clinical, morphological, immunohistochemical, and prognostic features of adrenal AT. Adrenal ATs are morphologically and immunophenotypically identical to those that occur in the genital tracts. Combining the histology with immunohistochemical profiles is very supportive in reaching the diagnosis of this benign tumor, helping to avoid misdiagnosis and overtreatment.
Topics: Adenomatoid Tumor; Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Adult; Humans; Male; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 34248850
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.692553 -
Singapore Medical Journal Sep 2015Granular cell tumours (GrCTs) are uncommon soft tissue tumours that are usually benign (approximately 0.5%-2.0% have been reported as malignant). They are very rarely...
INTRODUCTION
Granular cell tumours (GrCTs) are uncommon soft tissue tumours that are usually benign (approximately 0.5%-2.0% have been reported as malignant). They are very rarely found at the extremities. Differentiating a malignant GrCT from a benign one is important as the former is aggressive and has a poor prognosis, whereas the latter, after surgical resection, has excellent outcomes. A malignant lesion can be suspected on clinical presentation and confirmed via histopathological examination using the Fanburg-Smith criteria.
METHODS
This was a retrospective review of all cases of GrCT of the extremities that presented to the Orthopaedic Oncology Unit of University Malaya Medical Centre, Malaysia, from September 2006 to March 2013.
RESULTS
There were a total of five cases, all of which involved female patients aged 13-40 (mean age 24) years. Three cases involved the upper limbs and two involved the lower limbs. Using the Fanburg-Smith criteria, three cases were classified as benign, one as atypical and one as malignant. Wide local excision was performed in all five cases and the outcomes were excellent except for the patient with a malignant tumour. That patient presented with lung metastasis about three months after surgery.
CONCLUSION
Malignant and benign GrCTs can be differentiated on clinical presentation and by using the Fanburg-Smith criteria. We believe that wide local excision is the best treatment for both benign and malignant tumours. The role of adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy in malignant GrCTs should be studied. All patients with GrCTs should receive follow-up to check for recurrence and metastasis.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Female; Granular Cell Tumor; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Malaysia; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Prognosis; Retrospective Studies; Soft Tissue Neoplasms; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult
PubMed: 26451054
DOI: 10.11622/smedj.2015136 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Jan 2023Background and Objectives: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is one of the most common malignancies of the endocrine system. In order to improve the ability to predict...
Background and Objectives: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is one of the most common malignancies of the endocrine system. In order to improve the ability to predict tumor behavior, several studies have been conducted to search for surrogate prognostic immunohistochemical tumor markers. Objective: To evaluate the correlation between the intensity of different immunohistochemical marker staining in PTC and the risk for extrathyroidal extension and metastases. Materials and Methods: The study comprised patients who underwent hemi- or total thyroidectomy. Thyroid tissues were immunohistochemically stained for different tumor proliferative markers: Minichromosome maintenance proteins 2 (MCM2), Ki-67 labeling index, E-Cadherin, Neuropilin-1 and Metallothionein. The correlation between the intensity of each marker staining and the final diagnosis (benign neoplasm and PTC) and the correlation between the intensity of each staining and tumor extrathyroidal extension and metastases were evaluated. Results: The study included 66 patients. Staining for Metallothionein, E-Cadherin and MCM2 significantly differed between benign neoplasm (n = 22) and thyroid-confined PTC (n = 21) (p = 0.002, 0.004 and 0.005, respectively), between benign neoplasm and PTC with extrathyroidal extension (n = 11) (p = 0.001, 0.006 and 0.01, respectively), and between benign neoplasm and PTC with metastases (n = 12) (p = 0.01, <0.001 and 0.037, respectively). No staining correlated with extrathyroidal extension. The intensity of E-Cadherin staining was significantly lower in PTC with metastases than thyroid confined PTC and PTC with extrathyroidal extension (p = 0.028 and 0.021, respectively). Conclusions: Immunohistochemical staining for Metallothionein, E-Cadherin and MCM2 significantly distinguished between benign thyroid tumor and PTC. E-Cadherin staining significantly and inversely correlated with the presence of metastases.
Topics: Humans; Thyroid Cancer, Papillary; Carcinoma; Carcinoma, Papillary; Thyroid Neoplasms; Cadherins; Biomarkers, Tumor; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 36676734
DOI: 10.3390/medicina59010110 -
Indian Journal of Ophthalmology Jan 2022: To study the epidemiological pattern and diagnostic accuracy of histopathologically proven eyelid lesions over a period of two decades.
PURPOSE
: To study the epidemiological pattern and diagnostic accuracy of histopathologically proven eyelid lesions over a period of two decades.
METHODS
: A retrospective study of all histopathologically proven eyelid lesions from April 1996 to March 2016 was conducted. The lesions were broadly categorized as benign or malignant. Inflammatory and infectious lesions were included under the benign category. The percentage and diagnostic accuracy of each lesion was calculated.
RESULTS
: There were a total of 994 (M = 551, F = 443) cases. The mean age of the patients was 43.5 ± 19.9 years. There were 809 (81.4%) benign and 185 (18.6%) malignant lesions. Benign lesions were commonly seen in the fourth decade, while the malignant ones in the late fifth decade. The upper lid was the most common site in both groups (n = 481, 48.4%). The commonest benign lesion was chalazion (n = 484, 59.8%). Dermal nevus (n = 94, 11.6%) was the most common benign neoplasm, while Molluscum contagiosum (n = 25, 3.09%) was the most common infectious lesion. Sebaceous gland carcinoma (SGC) (n = 103, 55.7%) was the leading malignant lesion followed by basal cell carcinoma (n = 39, 21.1%). Eleven malignant cases were misdiagnosed as benign (5.9%). Chalazion (99.1%) and SGC (65%) had the highest diagnostic accuracy, while Molluscum (40%) and squamous cell carcinoma (40%) were the most misdiagnosed lesions in the respective groups.
CONCLUSION
: Benign eyelid lesions are far more common than malignant ones. Atypical and rare presentations may lead to misdiagnosis. Knowledge of epidemiological patterns and clinical features can help in achieving higher diagnostic accuracy.
Topics: Adult; Eyelid Neoplasms; Eyelids; Humans; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Sebaceous Gland Neoplasms; Skin Neoplasms; Young Adult
PubMed: 34937206
DOI: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_428_21 -
Revista Do Colegio Brasileiro de... 2023hepatocellular adenoma - AHC - is a rare benign neoplasm of the liver more prevalent in women at reproductive age and its main complication is hemorrhage. In the...
INTRODUCTION
hepatocellular adenoma - AHC - is a rare benign neoplasm of the liver more prevalent in women at reproductive age and its main complication is hemorrhage. In the literature, case series addressing this complication are limited.
METHODS
between 2010 and 2022, 12 cases of bleeding AHC were attended in a high-complexity university hospital in southern Brazil, whose medical records were retrospectively evaluated.
RESULTS
all patients were female, with a mean age of 32 years and a BMI of 33kg/m2. The use of oral contraceptives was identified in half of the sample and also half of the patients had a single lesion. The mean diameter of the largest lesion was 9.60cm and the largest lesion was responsible for bleeding in all cases. The presence of hemoperitoneum was documented in 33% of the patients and their age was significantly higher than the patients who did not have hemoperitoneum - 38 vs 30 years, respectively. Surgical resection of the bleeding lesion was performed in 50% of the patients and the median number of days between bleeding and resection was 27 days. In only one case, embolization was used. The relation between ingrowth of the lesions and the time, in months, was not obtained in this study.
CONCLUSION
it is concluded that the bleeding AHC of the present series shows epidemiological agreement with the literature and may suggest that older patients trend to have hemoperitoneum more frequently, a fact that should be investigated in further studies.
Topics: Humans; Female; Adult; Male; Adenoma, Liver Cell; Liver Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Hemoperitoneum; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 37436285
DOI: 10.1590/0100-6991e-20233549-en -
The American Journal of Case Reports Nov 2018BACKGROUND Male breast hemangioma is a rare benign neoplasm that is usually excised for definitive diagnosis. CASE REPORT In our case report, we present a male... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND Male breast hemangioma is a rare benign neoplasm that is usually excised for definitive diagnosis. CASE REPORT In our case report, we present a male octogenarian with multiple comorbidities who presented with a large palpable mass in his right breast. The diagnostic imaging studies were suggestive of a benign tumor, with a BI-RADS (Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System) score of 3. Subsequent core needle biopsies were diagnostic of benign hemangioma. The patient was managed with observation due to his comorbidities. Benign vascular tumors in the male breast are exceptionally rare, and in our review of the literature we found only 14 previously published cases. Historically, fine needle aspiration has been found to be unreliable in making a definitive diagnosis and surgical excision has been the standard treatment. CONCLUSIONS Recent studies and our case report indicate that core needle biopsy may be a reliable diagnostic tool and observation is a possible option for hemangiomas in male patients who cannot undergo surgery.
Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Breast Neoplasms, Male; Hemangioma; Humans; Male
PubMed: 30498190
DOI: 10.12659/AJCR.911842 -
Diagnostic Cytopathology Dec 2017Lymphoid enhancer binding factor 1 (LEF-1) has recently been reported as a potential immunohistochemical (IHC) marker for basal cell adenoma (BCA) and other salivary...
BACKGROUND
Lymphoid enhancer binding factor 1 (LEF-1) has recently been reported as a potential immunohistochemical (IHC) marker for basal cell adenoma (BCA) and other salivary gland tumors, which may contribute to an increased accuracy in differentiating basaloid salivary gland neoplasms. We evaluated the utility of LEF-1 in fine needle aspiration (FNA) and resection specimens to distinguish pleomorphic adenoma (PA), BCA, basal cell adenocarcinoma (BCAC), and adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) as well as in non-neoplastic salivary gland (NNSG).
METHODS
Cases including 66 PA (35 FNA, 31 resections), 12 BCA (5 FNA, 7 resections), 42 ACC (11 FNA, 31 resections), 1 BCAC FNA, and 10 NNSG (5 FNA, 5 resections) were obtained and stained for LEF-1.
RESULTS
On cell block (CB), 51% of PA and 60% of BCA were LEF-1 positive while 91% of ACC were LEF-1 negative. Among resections, there was a higher percentage of LEF-1 positive PA (84%) and BCA (86%), and a higher percentage of LEF-1 negative ACC (97%). LEF-1 staining had a low to moderate sensitivity for detecting benign basaloid neoplasms on FNA CB and resection specimens (52.5% and 84%, respectively), but a higher specificity (92% and 97% respectively), and positive predictive value (95% and 97% respectively).
CONCLUSION
When comparing benign (PA and BCA) and the most common malignant basaloid salivary gland tumor (ACC), positive LEF-1 favors a benign neoplasm. Additional studies with LEF-1, specifically including other rare basaloid salivary gland neoplasms are needed to further clarify the role of LEF-1 in diagnosing these lesions on FNA.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Adenoma; Adenoma, Pleomorphic; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic; Humans; Lymphoid Enhancer-Binding Factor 1; Salivary Gland Neoplasms; Salivary Glands; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 28972308
DOI: 10.1002/dc.23820 -
Dermatology Online Journal Apr 2014Although some skin conditions predominate in patients of certain ages, little data exists about the relative prevalence of dermatologic conditions by age.
BACKGROUND
Although some skin conditions predominate in patients of certain ages, little data exists about the relative prevalence of dermatologic conditions by age.
OBJECTIVES
To determine the common skin conditions by age group in the United States, both in dermatologist samples and for all specialties.
METHODS
The National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) was queried for top diagnoses at dermatologist and all skin disease visits from 1993-2010. ICD-9 coding was used for diagnoses.
RESULTS
There were 588 million estimated visits to dermatologists in the US from 1993-2010. Atopic dermatitis, acne, and actinic keratosis were the top diagnoses in all age groups. Common diagnoses in all groups included contact dermatitis and benign neoplasm. There were 740 million estimated skin disease visits to all physicians; more of these were acute or infectious. The percent of skin diseases seen by dermatologists gradually increased with age to a maximum of 55% in the 75-84 year age group.
CONCLUSION
Dermatologic conditions seen in different age groups and between dermatologists and non-dermatologists vary. With advancing age, Americans increasingly seek a dermatologist rather than a non-dermatologist physician for skin conditions.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Age Distribution; Dermatitis, Atopic; Dermatitis, Contact; Health Care Surveys; Humans; Keratosis, Actinic; Office Visits; Prevalence; Skin Diseases; Skin Neoplasms; United States
PubMed: 24746305
DOI: No ID Found -
BMJ Case Reports Aug 2018Proliferating trichilemmal tumours are benign but locally aggressive skin neoplasms arising from hair follicles. Rarely, they can become malignant and must be...
Proliferating trichilemmal tumours are benign but locally aggressive skin neoplasms arising from hair follicles. Rarely, they can become malignant and must be appropriately managed to prevent recurrence and metastasis. One must have a low threshold for diagnosing this rare neoplasm.
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Hair Follicle; Humans; Middle Aged; Mohs Surgery; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Scalp; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 30121565
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2018-224460 -
Histopathology Jan 2022Adenomatoid tumours are mesothelial-derived benign neoplasms with a predilection for the genital tract. Extragenital sites are rare and can cause significant diagnostic... (Review)
Review
AIMS
Adenomatoid tumours are mesothelial-derived benign neoplasms with a predilection for the genital tract. Extragenital sites are rare and can cause significant diagnostic challenges. Herein, we describe the clinicopathological features of a cohort of adenomatoid tumours involving the gastrointestinal tract and liver in order to more clearly characterise their histological findings and aid in diagnosis.
METHODS AND RESULTS
The pathology databases at four institutions were searched for adenomatoid tumours involving the gastrointestinal tract or liver, yielding eight cases. Available clinicoradiological and follow-up data were collected from the medical records. Six tumours were incidentally discovered during imaging studies or at the time of surgical exploration for unrelated conditions; presenting symptoms were unknown in two patients. Histologically, the tumours were well-circumscribed, although focal ill-defined borders were present in four cases. No infiltration of adjacent structures was identified. Architectural heterogeneity was noted in five (63%) tumours; an adenoid pattern often predominated. The neoplastic cells were flattened to cuboidal with eosinophilic cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic vacuoles mimicking signet ring-like cells were present in five (63%) cases. Three (38%) cases showed involvement of the mesothelium with reactive mesothelial hyperplasia. Cytological atypia or increased mitotic activity was not identified. The surrounding stroma ranged from oedematous/myxoid to densely hyalinised. Immunohistochemistry confirmed mesothelial origin in all cases evaluated. No patients developed recurrence of disease.
CONCLUSIONS
The current study evaluates the clinicopathological findings in a collective series of gastrointestinal and hepatic adenomatoid tumours, correlating with those described in individually reported cases. We highlight common histological features and emphasise variable findings that could mimic a malignant neoplasm.
Topics: Adenomatoid Tumor; Adult; Aged; Biomarkers, Tumor; Female; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Middle Aged
PubMed: 34480486
DOI: 10.1111/his.14553